would it be the PM or president for some of these countries ? (or just if any of the listed roles are that counts)

By “head of state” I mean head of the executive branch. President, prime minister, monarch, or other primary leader.

This is a very messed up definition.

Politics is messy, but this definition is clear if you read it correctly.

@DaisyWelham if the definition was clear, there would be no valid doubts like:

• if a European ceremonial monarch is trans, does that count?

• who counts for France and other semipresidential countries - the President, Prime Minister or both?

• what about constitutional monarchies (and similar regimes like Iran) where the monarch of ayatollah exercises political power along elected representatives?

Unlikely hypotheticals aside (is Iran likely to be the first country to have a transgender head of state?) the definition is clear on all of this. Perhaps you ought to read it again.

I think you should change the term to "leader", since the way you are using "head of state" does not coincide at all with its usual definition.

related! /strutheo/which-country-will-be-the-first-to-a02ed879d608